This isn’t the actual syntax of a bind variable – we’ll get to that later in this guide. The value in the square brackets is the bind variable. The application provides the value, and the database runs the query. When the query is run, the database asks for the value to use instead of the bind variable. You write a query, like the “case management” query we had earlier.Īnywhere where the values are provided to the query, you add a bind variable. Instead of putting the required value into the query, or writing separate queries for each different value, or concatenating strings, you can use bind variables. Bind variables, often called bind parameters or query parameters, are often used in WHERE clauses to filter data. You can provide this parameter to the query when you run it, and the query is constructed and executed. We use a concept called “bind variables”.Ī bind variable is an SQL feature that lets you turn part of your query into a parameter. You can read more about them in this guide here. However, this is not a good approach.Ĭoncatenating strings like this leaves you open to SQL injection attacks.

WHERE assigned_to_id = ' + selected_user_id + ' ' One way to do it would be using string concatenation: SELECT However, this value of 1 needs to change depending on which user is accessing the application or which user is being viewed. It filters based on the assigned_to_id, which represents a user.

This query gets some fields from the submitted_cases table. The SQL query to retrieve data from the database could look something like this: SELECT Let’s say you have a case management application, and one page in this application shows all cases assigned to a particular user. In this guide, you’ll learn all about bind variables and how to use them in Oracle, SQL Server, MySQL, and PostgreSQL. The preferred way is to use bind variables. There are a couple of ways to include these values in your queries, but there is one preferred way. Many SQL queries that we write need to use values provided from other areas, such as user input or an application.

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